Errors in Newtown Shootings Coverage Reflect Growing Pressures

Many Times readers wrote to me over the weekend with concerns about the coverage of the unfathomable events in Newtown, Conn. I'll do my best over the next few days to answer and shed some light on the major questions and complaints.

I expect to do this in pieces. This initial blog post will be a start, but not the last word on the subject.

I'll also state, from the start, that as the former managing editor and chief editor of a metropolitan newspaper, as well as a former beat reporter, I know too well that some mistakes may be inevitable on a major, fast-moving story, working against brutally demanding deadlines. That's not an excuse, just a reality. Other mistakes are avoidable â€" sometimes that means being slower on the draw, which runs counter to every competitive news gatherer's DNA.

Topic No. 1: Speed vs. Acc uracy In the Hypercompetitive Social Media Age

On Friday morning, as the story broke, the Web was filled with erroneous reports â€" not only from regular people on Twitter, but also from major news organizations. The worst of those may have been the false identification of a young man named Ryan Lanza as the gunman, including the circulation of his Facebook photo and some of his posts from Facebook. As we now know, the shooter, Adam Lanza, was the brother of Ryan Lanza. Thus, there was layer upon layer of extraordinarily damaging false information.

To the best of my knowledge, The Times had no part in circulating the Facebook information. But on Friday afternoon, on the Web, The Times did name Ryan Lanza as the shoo ter, attributing that to other news organizations.

Then, in Saturday's print edition, this sentence appeared in the fourth paragraph of the lead front-page article: “The principal had buzzed Mr. Lanza in because she recognized him as the son of a colleague.” The attribution was in the previous paragraph â€" to an unnamed law enforcement official.

As of Monday morning, The Times had appended two corrections to the article.

* An earlier version of this article suggested that the gunman in the Connecticut shooting used a rifle to carry out the shootings inside the Sandy Hook Elementary School. In fact, according to law enforcement, the guns used in the school shooting were both handguns.

* An earlier version of this article, based on news reports at the time, indicated that Nancy Lanza had worked at Sandy Hook Elementary S chool in Newtown, Conn., where Friday's shooting occurred. On Saturday, the school superintendent said that there was no evidence Ms. Lanza had ever worked at the school.

I spoke with Greg Brock, senior editor for standards, who handles Times corrections. As of about noon, he was in the process of writing a new correction about the “buzzed in” error, and reversing the correction about the use of the rifle.

“In the Twitter age, the pressure is worse than ever to be fast - it's become more difficult,” he said. “Some of the pressure is coming from readers. If they see a headline on a Web site, they start looking for a complete and fully reported story from us, and they protest if they don't find it.”

“We try our best to fix and acknowledge errors, as soon as possible,” Mr. Brock said. He gave the following examples of online corrections to articles that appeared on the Web in real time:

A Painful Duty: Consoling a Town Preparing to Bury Its Children

In Town at Ease With Its Firearms, Tightening Gun Rules Was Resisted

Children Were All Shot Multiple Times With a Semiautomatic, Officials Say

Rifle Used in Killings, America's Most Popular, Highlights Regulation Debate

‘These Tragedies Must End,' Obama Says

The Shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School

Times readers also pointed out that in an article on media coverage on the events in Monday's print edition, this sentence appears, in the context of network news reports: “On Friday, there was a succession of reports about the shooting and the gunman that turned out to be wrong: reports about the gunman's name, about his occupation, about how he got into the building.” The article does not say, but should have, that it was not just the TV networks, but also The Times itself that participated in at least some of those errors.

Easy to say, and increasingly hard to do, is to follow this well-accepted advice: It's always better to be slower and right than faster and wrong.

I asked Jill Abramson, the executive editor, a bout The Times's coverage, the errors that were made and her overall directives on speed and accuracy:

She responded:

I am proud of every aspect of our coverage and beyond thankful to the people who reported and edited this horrific story. Our approach is always accuracy over speed. For example, on Saturday, we obtained the first photo of Lanza. We had one source with a “photographic memory” who was certain the picture was him, but we did not publish the photo until we had a second former classmate also identify him.

There were many times on Friday and Saturday, she said, when top editors stopped to ask “How do we know this?” We hit the brakes until we were sure of our sourcing.

Ms. Abramson acknowledged that The Times did report some erroneous information, adding, “The best practice is then to correct things as they are proven wrong, which is another guiding approach.”

Other issues that have surfaced and t hat I expect to explore soon (and there may be others):

- The mention of the Adam Lanza's possible Asperger's or autism disorders, and whether that was relevant or misleading.

- The use of various photographs and headline words, which some readers found objectionable for a variety of reasons.

Again, more to come.

A Photographic Vision in Lourdes

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It's easy enough to caricature the spectacle of the pilgrims who flock to Lourdes. On crutches, wheelchairs and gurneys, the broken in body - but not in spirit - pray and meditate in the very grotto where a 14-year-old Bernadette Soubir ous said she saw the Virgin Mary in 1858.

To secular sorts, it's a hard thing to grasp. For Jeppe Bøje Nielsen, a Danish photographer, it was a challenge. He spent a month last summer amid the throngs who packed the Masses and processions at the French town, intent on avoiding the straightforward documentary approach that other photographers had relied on.

“Everything was focused on the curiosity of the place,” said Mr. Nielsen, 38. “It was hard to juggle the feelings of fascination and, to a certain extent, of the grotesque, though that's not the right word because it's too negative. But it's so unreal. It doesn't happen anywhere else, to see the sick processed and revered. To an outsider, it can be odd.”

Jeppe Bøje Nielsen None of the buildings at the Grotto are more than 150 years old. Prior to Bernadette Soubirous's visions, there was little more here than a river full of garbage.

So it was for him, too. He had been there as a teenager, once, but his memory was dim - “the water in the fountain was warm” was about all he recalled. This time, he set out to find something more elusive, something beyond the prayers and processions, or the clash between the sacred rituals and the commercial come-ons.

“Lourdes is so thoroughly photographed that the photographic aesthetics are almost stored in the viewer in advance,” he said. “You cannot photograph miracles or faith in Lourdes. One can only photograph the symbols - or the clichés.”

Yet he was let down when he went over his initial images. He wante d to capture what he felt, not just what he saw.

“There was no emotion in the pictures I had done in the first few days,” he said. “I wanted to do photographs that were a little more open to interpretation. They had to be scrambled and experimental.”

He decided that his images - which were done for his degree at the Danish School of Media and Journalism - would be shot at night. Working just a few hours, he captured grainy, fleeting scenes of figures moving through the crowds, or contemplative moments. In a few, the scale of the place is overwhelming. In others, the mystery seems just as unsettling.

He thought he would have been put off by the sheer theatricality. Instead, as he spent hours with pilgrims, he was humbled. He met many people who told him they came to pray for others, not themselves. He found mothers of seriously ill children who said this town in the south of France was t he only place where their child felt accepted.

“I met the mother of a 17-year-old by who had autism,” Mr. Nielsen recalled. “She told me, ‘Here, he is part of the normal group. Once he goes home, he's the odd one again.'”

Jeppe Bøje Nielsen Claude Dumas, 65, priest.

Bernadette herself faced no small measure of scorn and suspicion in her time, though her story was eventually accepted by the church hierarchy. Mr. Nielsen - who described himself as a doubter by nature, even though he is the son of a Lutheran pastor - mulled over the girl's story, too.

“Bernadette saw the Lady in White in 1858,” he concluded. “I say ‘saw' not ‘allegedly saw.' I read her story and talked to a lot of people and found her story to be credible. She had no incentive to lie. Everybody was wary of her. But the odd thing is it's hard not to believe her story.”

The Rev. James Martin, a Jesuit priest and author of the book “Lourdes Diary,” agreed.

Jeppe Bøje Nielsen Volunteers from Sicily traveled two days by train to come to Lourdes. Once they arrive, they work 12- to 16-hour shifts devoted to the sick and the disabled.

“She refused gifts, even though her family was poor,” he said. “It cost her a great deal to talk about it. At one point she was kicked out of her local rectory by an imperious parish priest. And there are great parallels between Bernadette of Lourdes and Mary of Nazareth. In both cases, something supernatural happened to a poor young girl in a backwater town.”

At its core, he said, Lourdes celebrates the miraculous.

“That,” Father Martin said drily, “poses something of a challenge to the post-enlightenment mind.”

Mr. Nielsen's photographs, he said, captured the shrine's devotional mood, especially in the faces, which he found quite moving.

When he speaks of his time in Lourdes, Mr. Nielsen often invokes the word “humble” - whether he was talking about the sick who prayed for others, or the Gypsy caravans who descend upon the town each year to sell their goods and to worship. When he asked one of the group's older members about his motivation, the man was blunt.

“He said, ‘I don't ask anything of God. He tells me what to do,'” he recalled. “I asked him about doubts, but he didn't have any.”

One man he encountered had doubts aplenty. Near the end of his time in Lourdes, Mr. Nielsen met Éric Saint-Germier, a man whose cancer was surpassed only by his anger and bitterness.

“He was scared of dying, since the only thing keeping him alive was his medication,” Mr. Nielsen said. “He spoke of fear and regrets. I spent two days with him. I sensed he had not spoken to anybody honestly for a very long time.”

Mr. Saint-Germier rebuffed Mr. Nielsen when he first asked to take his portrait. But he relented. Mr. Nielsen took a few minutes to do the shot, and went back to drinking beer and talking.

“He said he was only sharing this with me because I was a stranger,” Mr. Nielsen said. “There is something very special in talking to someone who knows they are going to die before Christmas.”

Mr. Saint-Germier died last month. Mr. Nielsen intends to return to Lourdes to spend more time seeking out others like him.

“Ever ybody everywhere has a story,” he said. “But those who go to Lourdes have a harder story.”

Jeppe Bøje Nielsen There are over 70 Masses on a daily basis at the Grotto. Some people are too sick to leave the hospital of the Grotto. Others are pushed in “wheelbeds.”

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