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The headline was powerful - or at least it had the power to startle.
Within the setting of the often excellent Opinion section blog, Room for Debate, and in the context of Sheryl Sandbergâs book âLean In,â it read: âDo Women Have What It Takes to Leadâ
On Twitter, Sarah Green, an editor at the Harvard Business Review, deemed it ânot fit to print.â Those responding to her were quick to note that The Timesâs own newsroom is led by Jill Abramson, the executive editor.
In a blog called Policymic, Elizabeth Plank took up the topic with a certain amount of impatience.
âCan you hear that Ah yes. Thatâs the distinct sound of thousands of face palms echoing all over the nation.â And she noted that the subject âwas last formally addressed in 1954 in the October issue of The Homemaker.â
By phone, Ms. Green later called the question âundermining.â
âIf you substituted any other demographic group, I think there would have been an a-ha moment by an editor that this wasnât such a good idea,â she told me.
She added: âWhy, with women, are we still asking questions like thatâ Is it, she wondered, âbecause sexism is harder to seeâ And, she said, âBecause we donât see women in leadership positions as much, people think thereâs something wrong with the women.â
Harvard Business Review has published a number of studies that suggest that women actually outpace men in leadership abilities, according to both genders.
âSo why donât we have more female leaders I think thatâs a much more interesting (and debatable) question than âDo women have what it takesââ Ms. Green said.
The editor of Room for Debate, Susan Ellingwood, responded to my question about the headline.
Raising a provocative question is our way of starting an interesting discussion. That title starts a productive conversation about gender stereotypes and leadership - even if, in the end, the consensus among the debaters is âyes, women do have what it takes.â Each post explored the question from a different angle. And as readersâ reactions show, the pieces sparked a conversation about an important topic. Thatâs our goal.
What struck all of us here at Room for Debate is that the publicity around Sheryl Sandbergâs book promotes an aggressive self-centered âmaleâ approach to leadership, and yet there are many studies that show that team-building and consensus, seen as a âfemale,â approach to leadership can be more effective.
Gender equity, equal pay, the differences in leadership styles, the relatively small number of women in top corporate jobs or top elected positions, how women can succeed at both career and home life - all of these topics are worth discussing. (And now that we all live in what sometimes feels like Ms. Sandbergâs âLean Inâ nation, weâre certainly getting plenty of opportunities to do just that.) No complaints there.
But prompting the discussion with a question whose answer is self-evident may not be the best approach.
As Ms. Plank responded to the question: âUh, yes.â
Ahn Sehong had to go to China to recover a vanishing â" and painful â" part of Koreaâs wartime history. Visiting small villages and overcoming barriers of language and distrust, he documented the tales of women â" some barely teenagers â" who had been forced into sexual slavery during World War II by the Japanese Army.
Starting in 2001, he began tracking down 13 of these women who had been stranded in China after the war. Now in their 80s and 90s, some were childless, others penniless. Most lived in hovels, often in the same dusty rural towns where they had endured the war. They had been away from their native land so long, some could no longer speak Korean.
Mr. Ahn had no doubts about their identity.
âEach one of these women is history,â he said. âThey have suffered the biggest pain created by the war. Everyone forgot about the suffering these women went through. But I want to embrace them. As Koreans, we have to take care of them.â
âComfort Womenâ â" the euphemistic term bestowed on them by their Japanese masters â" is the name of an exhibition of Mr. Ahnâs black-and-white photographs that opened last week at the Korea Press Center in Palisades Park, N.J. The city, which has a substantial Korean population, has also been a site of controversy in recent years after Japanese officials lobbied local authorities to remove from a public park a plaque commemorating these women.
Japanâs 35-year colonial rule of Korea still provokes anger and controversy despite formal apologies. Mr. Ahn, a native of South Korea who now lives in Japan, had been set to show his work at Nikon galleries in Tokyo and Osaka last year when the company withdrew the offer with little explanation. News reports said Nikon officials thought Mr. Ahn was pursuing a political agenda. The Tokyo show went on after Mr. Ahn pursued the matter in court, although the exhibition was marred by right-wing protesters who rushed into the gallery denouncing the women as prostitutes. Litigation on the Osaka show is pending, Mr. Ahn said.
Nikon did not respond to an e-mail and three phone calls seeking comment since last week.
Mr. Ahn, 42, started working as a magazine photographer in Seoul in 1996 when he learned about the plight of women who had been forced into prostitution in Korea and other countries under Japanese rule. The topic he said, had been taboo for decades, although he was drawn in once he started looking into the women who were still living in China. He worked with researchers who had been tracking down the women.
In 2001, he made the first of seven trips to China, where he found the women reluctant to discuss how they had been forced into prostitution during the war.
âThey were very ashamed of the fact they had been comfort women,â Mr. Ahn said. âBut in time I gained their friendship.â
The women told him they had been lured to China with false job offers or were pressed into âvoluntaryâ service by the Japanese Army. They described how they were raped even before they arrived in China, where they would have relations with as many as 10 men a day. Some werenât even women yet; Bae Sam-yeop (Slide 6) said she was 13 when she lost her virginity to a high-ranking Japanese officer.
Left behind in rural areas after World War II, the women were further isolated after the Korean War, when China had no diplomatic relations with South Korea. The North Korean government, Mr. Ahn said, provided some assistance and citizenship, but the aid ended in the 1980s and few of the women wanted to relocate to North Korea, where conditions were worse.
Yet life in China was agonizingly difficult.
âThey had no family and no one to support them,â he said. âBecause they had been comfort women, it was hard to get a decent husband. Some of them got raped and beaten when they did get married. Most of them were not able to have babies. They lived poor in rural areas. Most of them lived only with the support of their neighbors.â
In New Jeresy, the exhibition has attracted crowds â" mostly Korean â" who have begun to explore part of their history. Mac Han, who organized the show, said he did so as an act of free expression, something he prizes as someone who became an American citizen last year.
âIâm an American,â he said. âIn a country of justice, where civil rights exist, I wanted to open this up to everyone, to look at this history that no one can deny.â
Mr. Ahn said that of the nine women featured in the show, only three are still alive. He hopes to pursue his project to raise awareness and aid, even though he knows it will also raise hackles. South Korea, once weakened by war and poverty, he said, is now in a better position to help them.
âWe couldnât take care of them after the war,â he said. âBut now we have money and power to help them. People forget very easily the memory of the war. Korea has evolved. But since they have evolved very fast, they let go of the past.â
âComfort Womenâ will be on view at the Korea Press Center, 7 Broad Avenue, Palisades Park, N.J., through April 18.
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