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When Ivor Prickett first heard that hundreds of Sikh farmers were moving from northern India to the former Soviet republic of Georgia, all sorts of images came into his head. He had spent time with ethnic Georgians in Abkhazia, a disputed breakaway region, and had trouble picturing Sikhs mixing easily.
âI knew what the old, rusting, ex-Soviet parts of Georgia could look like, so putting these modern Indian farmers into that setting really interested me,â Mr. Prickett said. âI pictured the color of these guysâ turbans against the mottled brown and green opaque landscape that you find in Georgia.â
He decided he wanted to explore the visual and cultural juxtapositions and see how the new farmers were faring.
These latter-day Joads had left their homes because fertile land in northern India was expensive and hard to come by. Hundreds, perhaps thousands, of farmers had moved to Georgia in the last two years in search of land and opportunity. But few knew the language. Some werenât even sure exactly where it was on a map before they arrived.
Rather than being self-sufficient, Georgiaâs leaders have opted to import much of its packaged food. Mr. Prickett found that a lack of skilled manpower and resources, as well as the legacy of Soviet-era collective farming, had left thousands of acres of lying fallow. Land that is planted is worked by subsistence farmers, and the government has looked to immigrants for help. Iranian, Chinese and Indian investors have also tried to buy land.
Most of the Sikhs Mr. Pricket encountered had acquired land in groups of four or five people and were farming together. They seemed, to Mr. Prickett, who is represented by Panos Pictures, surprisingly adept at navigating Georgian society.
âThey were perfectly comfortable driving, taking public transport, and even communicating in Kartuli, the main Georgian dialect, which is a very difficult and strange language to master,â he said.
The men tended to stick together in small groups, socializing mostly with each other. Few had been there for more than two years, and most were waiting to see how this experiment worked before putting down roots and sending for their wives and children in India.
Although Mr. Prickett did not witness any problems, there have been reports of resentment of the Sikhs by their ethnic Georgian neighbors. It is not clear whether the new Georgian government will continue to allow outside agricultural investment and migration.
The farmers were, on the whole, âvery traditional guys,â Mr. Prickett, 30, said.
âA lot of these guys who were practicing Sikhs, and vegetarians, were used to eating very specific food that they wouldnât be able to find in Georgia,â he said.
They did their own cooking, grew most of their own vegetables and herbs and brought spices and other foods from India. Some of his subjects werenât observant, but others had little shrines in their living rooms. The first Sikh temple in Georgia will be under construction soon.
It is not unusual to find large Indian communities in many parts of the world. Some date to 19th-century indentured servitude, particularly in the Caribbean and Africa, others from merchants seeking financial opportunities. In the last 30 years many skilled professionals have migrated to the West and semiskilled workers to the Persian Gulf.
Still, the unusual pairing of Sikhs and Georgia, Joseph Stalinâs birthplace, was fertile ground for Mr. Pickettâs finely tuned storytelling abilities. And it was one of the very few times, he said, that âa story turned out to be pretty close to what I imagined.â
âWeâre very good at cooking up these great stories in our head, but when you go and find them theyâre not quite what you imagined,â he said. âBut this was probably the first time Iâd got it right in my head and I wasnât disappointed.â
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âThe rooms and the corridors are all the same,â said the photographer Gabriele Stabile, âbut the stories that inhabit these rooms are all different.â
He was describing a quintessentially American environment: the airport hotel, whose air-conditioned, nondescript rooms come with a bed, a television and a sparkling bathroom. But to the people Mr. Stabile met in those rooms and corridors, it was an unknown world.
Mr. Stabile spent years documenting refugeesâ first nights in the United States. His photos were published by Voice of Witness in âRefugee Hotel,â a book written with Juliet Linderman that also shows how resettled refugees adapt to life in communities across America.
The images are in an exhibition through late December at the Bronx Documentary Center in New York. Danielle Jackson, the project director there, said she was drawn to the âmood and beautyâ of the images.
The first photo that struck her shows a man standing by a window, bathed in red light. âThereâs a sort of humanity in that image that I really appreciate,â Ms. Jackson said. âYou feel and understand a sense of contemplation, a sense of tiredness â" a sense of respite, almost.â
Ms. Jackson worked with Mr. Stabile to choose images, organizing them around the journey of the refugees. The exhibit, she added, is both an opportunity for refugees living in the Bronx â" home to immigrants from Africa, Asia and Latin America â" to explore their pasts and for visitors to try to comprehend the refugee experience.
Some of the photos were taken from the point of view of the people Mr. Stabile photographed.
âWhat does it mean to see the world from a completely new vantage point?â Ms. Jackson said. âWhat does it mean to look at our culture from the outside and to think about what it means to other people?â
Mr. Stabile hopes that the work conveys the experience of seeing the world anew â" one he equates to becoming a child again.
âKids relate to all that is new with great enthusiasm,â he said. âParents, theyâre sometimes taken aback or scared. But kids are much more playful, you know â" even if theyâre tired, even if theyâre scared, they always try to make it work.â
In a way, the project becomes a metaphor for photographyâs revelatory quality. A good photograph, he said, opens eyes in new ways.
Mr. Stabile, 39, who works with the collective Cesuralab, is from Italy, where his father was a newspaperman. Leaving a career in the music business, the younger Mr. Stabile put aside his guitar and moved to New York to study at the International Center of Photography. While looking for an idea for his student project, he came across an article in The New York Times about the Westway Motel in Elmhurst, Queens â" âthe initial stop in a new life for that most desperate category of immigrant: the refugee fleeing war or persecution.â
It wasnât easy to get inside. He was kicked out on his first visit. He tried again for a week, finally deciding to stay the night as a customer. Once again, he was asked to leave.
Taking a different approach, he agreed to let the International Organization for Migration use some of his photos in exchange for access. While the images were deemed âtoo depressing,â the group allowed him to continue his work documenting families and individuals running from a past to a future they knew nothing about.
Mr. Stabile photographed arrivals at the five major ports of entry in the United States that receive refugees, in New York as well as in Chicago, Miami and Los Angeles. For him, it was often a mind-boggling experience.
âThe ones that make it here have been through a lot,â he said. âSometimes they spent seven years in a refugee camp waiting to talk to me in that room in Miami.â
Mr. Stabile watched one night as a family tried to sleep on top of a bed frame, using the mattress as a cover. Another group decided to spend the night in the hallway, fearing they would be left behind if they stayed in their room.
On the cover of the book, a Burmese family investigates their bathroom for the first time. Mr. Stabile is drawn to the wonder in their eyes. That, he said, âmixed with nostalgia and fear and uncertainty, somehow resonated with me.â
In a way, the first-night photos felt to him like classic dramas â" confined to one room, shot over the course of one night. They leave the viewer not with a feeling of closure, but one of curiosity. What happens next?
Mr. Stabile decided to revisit one of the families he met early on. He traveled to Minneapolis, where they had resettled. When he returned to New York, âlife happened; months passed,â he said. He didnât follow up.
Later, Samira, a young woman in the family, wrote to Mr. Stabile in anger. He had forgotten about them.
âThat sort of killed me,â he said, âbecause thatâs probably one of refugeesâ main fears, to be left behind.â
When Mr. Stabile partnered with Ms. Linderman, she persuaded him to shoot the resettlement process, photographing his subjects adapting to new lives everywhere from Fargo, N.D. to Tulsa, Okla. They found Samira again in Minneapolis. While she agreed to meet with the journalists, she did not want to be interviewed â" like many others, she did not want to revive painful memories.
The book is not a narrative in the sense that it follows the same people from the airport through their resettlement in smaller towns. It is two separate bodies of work that stand alongside one another, sometimes overlapping.
For Mr. Stabile, those nights spent in hotel corridors and days spent tracking people down in small communities across the country were, on the whole, not uplifting.
âItâs paradoxical, because obviously the life conditions are going to be better,â he said. âResettlement in a different country, even considering all of the hardships and the difficulties, itâs light-years away from what life in a refugee camp is â" or what life in a war zone is. So you get to be safe, but to translate that â" itâs not like they get to Elysium, you know? They have another set of problems to face.â
âRefugee Hotelâ was originally scheduled to run through Dec. 1 at the Bronx Documentary Center. The show has since been extended through late December.
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