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Following Pussy Riot Verdict, Christian Culture Warriors Run Riot in Moscow

By ROBERT MACKEY

Apparently emboldened by the stiff prison sentences members of the Russian punk band Pussy Riot received this month for performing a profane anthem inside a Moscow cathedral, a handful of conservative, Russian Orthodox activists staged a series of audacious attacks on liberal Muscovites this week, all of them amply documented online.

As the news site Gazeta.ru reported the young culture warriors barged into a sex museum in the Russian capital late Tuesday night and left a brick and a threatening message for the staff. Alexander Donskoi, the director of The G-Spot Museum of Erotic Art, said that he had identified the activists “through their accounts on social networks” and by viewing online video of the self-styled defenders of the Russian Orthodox faith harassing supporters of Pussy Riot in recent weeks.

One of the Christians, Dmitry Tsorionov, posted security camera footage of himself and six others, including a camera crew from state television, inside the G-Spot museum on the social network VKontakte, a Russian replica of Facebook, where he blogs as Dimitry Enteo.

Security camera footage of conservative Russian Orthodox activists after they barged into a sex museum in Moscow late Tuesday night, accompanied by a television crew.

In another post on the same social network, a second activist, Andrey Kaplin, drew attention to the report on the incident produced by the crew from state television which had accompanied the protesters. The Russian news agency Interfax reported that the sex museum's director is a former politician who “announced the creation of his Party of Love,” earlier this year “by holding a demonstration in support of Pussy Riot in which party activists swam in a fountain at the GUM shopping center next to Red Square.”

The night before that stunt, Mr. Tsorionov and Mr. Kaplin had stormed into a Moscow theater during the performance of a “documentary” play about the Pussy Riot trial, shouting “Repent!” and “Why do you hate the Russian people?” at the band's lawyers, supporters and family who were gathered on stage. State television journalists, who arrived at the theater with the Orthodox activists, cameras blazing, captured Mr. Tsorionov turning towards the lens at the start of their video report.

A Russian state television report on Christian protesters disrupting the performance of a play about the Pussy Riot trial on Monday at Moscow's Teatr.doc.

The event took place at Moscow's Teatr.doc, which aims to produce “an intersection of art and actual social analysis concerning topical issues,” by crafting performances “based on authentic texts, interviews and the lives of real people.” The theater's artistic director, Mikhail Ugarov, suggested on hi s blog shortly after the protesters burst in that the whole event had been staged by the television crew which arrived with the Christians. “That is,” Mr. Ugarov wrote, “the TV people carry with them the group of extras and shoot the conflict.”

Even without a crew from the state broadcaster, however, Mr. Tsorionov and his fellow activists are quite capable of documenting their own stunts. One video clip posted online this week shows Mr. Tsorionov running up to a man at a Moscow trains station and ripping a Pussy Riot T-shirt off his back.

Video of a Russian Orthodox activist ripping a Pussy Riot T-shirt off a man's back at a Moscow train station.

Mr. Tsorionov also stars in another, longer clip of a confrontation with Pussy Riot supporters which took place this month on the day that three members of the band were jailed for staging a protest inside a Moscow cathedral on the eve of Russia's preside ntial election in February. In that video, the Orthodox vigilantes can be seen demanding that a supporter of the band remove a T-shirt that quoted a lyric of the band's song, “Mother of God, drive Putin out!”

Video of Russian Orthodox activists berating Pussy Riot supporters in a Moscow cafe.

Although the members of Pussy Riot insisted at their trial that the song they performed in Moscow's Cathedral of Christ the Savior - an obscenity-laced plea for the Virgin Mary to free Russia from Vladimir Putin's grip - was a political stunt, not an attack on believers, they were convicted this month of “hooliganism motivated by religious hatred.” Supporters of the group have accused the Russian government of portraying the protest as an anti-religious stunt both to dilute the content of the anti-Putin message and turn Orthodox Christians against the protest movement.

Responding late last week to widespread condemnation of the verdict against the three women as an assault on free speech, a Russian diplomat in Britain insisted that the cathedral performance was a “provocation against religion,” and even compared the stunt to the destruction of the ancient Bamiyan Buddhas by the Taliban in 2001.

After the Orthodox activists were given so much time to vent their rage on state television this week, Russia's federal investigative committee, which answers directly to Mr. Putin, claimed that a murderer in a Russian province had killed two women and painted the slogan “Free Pussy Riot” on a wall in the victims' blood. While supporters of the band condemned that crime, and cast some doubt on whether the state media report on the incident was reliable, the Russian news agency Interfax asked Mr. Tsorionov, the Orthodox activist, for his response. “The infernal force that drives them hates God, believers and humankind in general,” he said. “These people are capable of c ommitting any crime, and nothing but force and law can stop them.” A spokesman for the Russian Orthodox Church told the news agency: “This blood is on the conscience of the so-called public, which supported the participants in the action in Christ the Savior Cathedral.”

Later on Thursday, the author of the band's @pussy_riot Twitter feed accused the Kremlin of playing with fire by whipping religious activists into a frenzy. Referring to the fact that a senior Kremlin adviser, Vladislav Surkov, was just put in charge of the state's religious affairs office, the Pussy Riot blogger wrote: “Putin ignites the fires of revolution, and Vladislav Surkov starts religious wars.”

Ilya Mouzykantskii contributed r eporting from Moscow.



Yelp Shares Rise After Lockup

While early investors in Yelp got their first chance to sell shares in the online reviews site on Wednesday, it appears they are holding on to their stakes for now.

When a so-called lockup period expires, a stock typically falls as investors sell their shares. In the case of Yelp, the stock is surging. Shares were up nearly 25 percent to more than $22 on Wednesday.

“It's refreshing to see insiders with discipline,” said Michael Pachter, a Wedbush Securities analyst.

Yelp stands out from its peers in this regard. Shares of both Groupon and Facebook slid sharply after the expiration of their lockups. Peter Thiel, the first outside investor in Facebook, spooked investors when he sold an additional 20 million shares at roughly $20, or nearly half the original offering price.

Many analysts were expecting the same fate for Yelp. Since mid-August, shares of the online reviews site have been hammered, dragged down in part by concerns that early investo rs would dump shares once the lockup period expired.

Despite the recent strength in its stock, Yelp still faces the same challenges of other young Internet companies. While Yelp is one of the most popular reviews sites on the Web, it is also struggling to convert more local businesses into paying users. Vendors have the option to spend money to serve advertisements and to manage their business pages. Consumers can access Yelp's reviews for free.

Revenue rose 67 percent in the last quarter to $32.7 million, but Yelp recorded a net loss of 3 cents a share.

The stock action on Wednesday seems to indicate that Yelp's biggest investors are holding on - at least for now. The company's five largest shareholders, Bessemer Ventures, Elevation Partners, Benchmark Capital, Max Levchin, and Jeremy Stoppelman, the company's chief executive, collectively own more than 80 percent of the company's stock. A Yelp spokeswoman declined to comment on Tuesday.

“That's so mething we didn't see with Facebook,” said Mr. Pachter. “Facebook clearly didn't have any control over Peter Thiel.”



Latest Updates on Hurricane Isaac

By CHRISTINE HAUSER

The Lede is following Hurricane Isaac on Wednesday, which is lashing the Gulf Coast with rain and high winds. Updates will mix breaking news from our correspondents in the region with eyewitness accounts, photos and videos of the storm posted online. Readers are invited to send us witness accounts, photographs or video by posting links in the comment thread or contacting us on Twitter @TheLede.



Tech Start-ups Look for Space in New Neighborhoods

Chester Higgins Jr./The New York Times

Ideeli, an online fashion retailer, moved into offices at 1385 Broadway, a 23-story building in the garment district. 

A decade ago, in the dot-com boom, technology companies flocked to the neighborhoods along Broadway in , with most ending up south of an unofficial cutoff of 23rd Street.

Today, though, that Rubicon is being regularly crossed by a new generation of digital businesses that seem willing to trade Lower Manhattan and its perceived hipness for the more button-down precincts of Midtown.

More than 100 Internet-based marketing firms, retailers and social networking companies are based in the area between the Flatiron Building and Central Park, out of about 1,400 similar businesses across the city, according to data compiled by NYC Digital, an initiative started last year by Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg to promote the city's technology industry.

“The boundaries of Silicon Alley are definitely pressing outward,” said Jonathan Serko, a broker with Cushman and Wakefield who has worked to bring tech companies to Midtown. He added, “some of the companies are moving out of necessity.”

In pockets of downtown Manhattan, commercial rents have spiked in recent years as increasingly fashionable neighborhoods like Chelsea, Greenwich Village and the financial district have welcomed a surge of new businesses. Residential conversions have also gobbled up the types of industrial buildings that tech companies once favored.

At the same time, fledgling tech companies have become more cost-conscious than their predecessors, many of whom burned through their seed money in a short time, brokers say. Significant savings are possible in Midtown, where rents can be $40 a square foot compared with up to $70 a square foot in trendier areas, according to Cushman data.

GSI Commerce, which provides online services for retailers like Toys “R” Us, was subletting a 10,000-square-foot loft on Broadway in SoHo in 2011 when the company was acquired by eBay, prompting the need to expand.

“There are many spaces out there that are beautiful, don't misunderstand me,” said Jan Dobris, a senior vice president of GSI Commerce. “They just weren't good ways to expend dollars.”

The spaces that Ms. Dobris saw in SoHo, the financial district and Hudson Yards were around $60 a square foot, which was too pricey, she said. Eventually, she settled on 1350 Broadway, a prewar high-rise on West 36th Street.

In March, GSI leased the 25,000-square-foot third floor for about $45 a square foot, according to Malkin Holdings, the building's landlord.

There are other perks about Midtown, like the proximity of Penn Station, Ms. Dobris said. Several of her company's 100 employees travel frequently to GSI's headquarters in King of Prussia, Pa., and she said they liked having trains close by.

Attracting digitally focused companies like GSI is a priority for Anthony Malkin, the president of Malkin Holdings, which has renovated most of its Manhattan portfolio to lure new kinds of tenants.

At 1350 Broadway, he refurbished the marble-walled lobby and elevator cabs, adding small monitors that display weather and news, and upgraded the building's windows, lights and bathrooms. U Marketing, an ad agency with a big focus on digital platforms, moved to the eighth floor in 2009 and recently expanded into a next-door space.

Similarly, at the , which Mr. Malkin supervises, a continuing $550 million renovation has removed the walls on many floors to make offices more open.

The efforts may be paying off. This spring, LinkedIn, a social networking Web site, signed a lease for a 10,400-square-foot space on the 24th floor, Mr. Malkin said, to augment its 32,000-square-foot space on the 25th. Asking rents in the landmark 102-story skyscraper start at $50 a square foot, he added.

In opting for workplaces that are more conventional than the former warehouses where they began as start-ups, tech companies “are moving away from environments that are about creativity into those that are more ‘Let's get to work,' ” Mr. Malkin said.



Continuing Coverage of Hurricane Isaac

By MARC SANTORA

The Lede is continuing to follow Hurricane Isaac, which is expected to continue pushing through Louisiana on Wednesday. Updates will mix breaking news from our correspondents in the region with eyewitness accounts, photos and videos of the storm posted online



Witness to Rachel Corrie\'s Death Responds to Israeli Court Ruling Absolving Soldier

By ROBERT MACKEY

As my colleagues Jodi Rudoren and Danielle Ziri report, an Israeli judge ruled on Tuesday that the state bore no responsibility for the death of Rachel Corrie, an American activist who was crushed to death by a military bulldozer in 2003 as she attempted to block the demolition of a Palestinian home in Gaza.

Ms. Corrie, who was a student at Evergreen State College in Olympia, Wash., joined the pro-Palestinian International Solidarity Movement in January, 2003, and was killed two months later in the Gazan town of Rafah, which straddles the border with Egypt.

Photographs published by The Electronic Intifada on March 16, 2003, the day she died, showed that Ms. Corrie confronted the heavily armored bulldozer wearing a bright orange vest and holding a bullhorn. The same Web site also published sworn affidavits recorded within days of the deadly incident by three other international activists who were present when Ms. Corrie was killed. One of those witnesses, a Briton named Tom Dale, sent the following statement to The Lede on Tuesday from Cairo, where he now works as a journalist:

The verdict in Rachel's case is saddening for all those who knew Rachel, and for all who believe in what she stood for. It should be disappointing for all those who want to see justice done in Israel and Palestine.

On March 16, 2003, Rachel could not have been more visible: standing, on a clear day, in the open ground, wearing a high visibility vest. On that day, she had been in the presence of the Caterpillar D9 bulldozers used by the Israeli army for some hours.

She was standing in front of the home of a young family which was under threat of demolition by a bulldozer. Many homes were demolished in such a way at that time, and Rachel was seeking to protect her friends, with whom she had lived.

Whatever one thinks about the visibility from a D9 b ulldozer, it is inconceivable that at some point the driver did not see her, given the distance from which he approached, while she stood, unmoving, in front of it. As I told the court, just before she was crushed, Rachel briefly stood on top of the rolling mound of earth which had gathered in front of the bulldozer: her head was above the level of the blade, and just a few meters from the driver.

Those of us who are familiar with events under occupation in Palestine are may not be surprised by this verdict, which reflects a long-standing culture of impunity for the Israeli military, but we should be outraged.

I didn't have a chance to get to know Rachel as well as I would have liked, since we spent just a few weeks together, but I do know that she is a tremendous loss to us all.

Later on Tuesday, Mr. Dale elaborated on his statement in a BBC radio interview and a Skype interview with The Telegraph in London.

A video interview with Tom Dale, a British journalist and activist, posted online by The Telegraph.

Mr. Dale, who is now the news editor of The Egypt Independent, the English edition of the Cairene daily Al-Masry Al-Youm, noted in an e-mail on Tuesday that video he recorded late last year, documenting in vivid detail the use of force against Egyptian protesters, helped draw global attention to the use of violence against activists in Tahrir Square. “I was behind the camera filming the Egyptian army as it rampaged across Tahrir Square in December,” he recalled. “None of us had a video camera when Rachel was killed. I can't help but wonder now how much difference it would have made to the court case.”

While there is no footage of the moment Ms. Corrie was dealt a fatal blow by the bulldozer, the trailer for a documentary on her life and death does include Israeli military audio of the soldier who struck her reporting the incident, a nd images of her and other activists trying to prevent home demolitions on a previous day in 2003.

The trailer for “Rachel,” a documentary about Rachel Corrie.

The Israeli military's destruction of homes in Rafah was part of an effort to seal the border between Gaza and Egypt by destroying the tunnels underneath it used by smugglers to move goods and arms into the Palestinian territory.

Four months after Ms. Corrie was killed, the comic-book journalist Joe Sacco published “The Underground War in Gaza,” a New York Times Magazine report on the Israeli military's anti-tunnel operations in Rafah. That report from can be viewed elsewhere on this Web site as a slideshow or a .pdf.

In an interview with the Arab satellite network MBC, conducted just days before she was killed, Ms. Corrie herself spoke about the effort by international activists to prevent the demolition of Palestinian homes in Rafah .

A television interview with Rachel Corrie, an American activist, conducted by the Arab satellite network MBC in March, 2003, days before she was killed by an Israeli military bulldozer in Gaza.



Latest Updates on Hurricane Isaac

By MICHAEL SCHWIRTZ

The Lede is following Hurricane Isaac on Tuesday, which is expected to make landfall along the Gulf Coast. Updates will mix breaking news from our correspondents in the region with eyewitness accounts, photos and videos of the storm posted online.



Latest Updates on Hurricane Isaac

By MICHAEL SCHWIRTZ

The Lede is following Hurricane Isaac on Tuesday, which is expected to make landfall along the Gulf Coast. Updates will mix breaking news from our correspondents in the region with eyewitness accounts, photos and videos of the storm posted online.



I.B.M. Mainframe Won\'t Die, But Evolves

is introducing on Tuesday a new line of mainframe computers, adding yet another chapter to a remarkable story of technological longevity and business strategy.

The new model, the zEnterprise EC12, has strengthened the traditional mainframe's skill of reliably and securely handling vast volumes of transactions. That is why the mainframe is still the digital workhorse for banking and telecommunications networks - and why mainframes are selling briskly in the emerging economies of Asia and Africa.

The new models have added capabilities for computing chores that are growing rapidly, like analyzing torrents of data from the Web and corporate databases to predict consumer behavior and business risks. Name a trend in corporate computing - cloud computing, data center consolidation, flash-memory storage, so-called green computing - and I.B.M. executives point to tailored features in its mainframe that deliver the goods.

The death of the mainframe has been predicted many times over the years. But it has prevailed because it has been overhauled time and again. In the early 1990s, the personal computer revolution took off and I.B.M., wedded to its big-iron computers, was in deep trouble. To make the mainframe more competitive, its insides were retooled, using low-cost microprocessors as the computing engine.

Like any threatened species that survives, the mainframe evolved. It has been tweaked to master new programming languages, like Java, and new software operating systems, like Linux.

“The mainframe is the most flexible technology platform in computing,” said Rodney C. Adkins, I.B.M.'s senior vice president for systems and technology.

That flexibility is a byproduct of investment. The new I.B.M. mainframe, according to the company, represents $1 billion in research and development spending over three years.

I.B.M. has also invested beyond its corporate walls. Nearly a decade ago, fearing that its mainframe business would wither if retiring mainframe engineers were not replaced, I.B.M. went out to universities, advocating for mainframe courses and offering support. Today, more than 1,000 schools in 67 countries participate in I.B.M.'s academic initiative for mainframe education.

The sale of mainframe computers accounts for only about 4 percent of I.B.M.'s revenue these days. Yet the mainframe is a vital asset to I.B.M. because of all the business that flows from it. When all the mainframe-related software, services and storage are included, mainframe technology delivers about 25 percent of I.B.M.'s revenue and more than 40 percent of its profits, estimates A. M. Sacconaghi, an analyst at Sanford C. Bernstein.

The I.B.M. mainframe story offers a glimpse of why manufacturing can be crucial to an American company - and to the economy as a whole - even though high-end manufacturing does not employ large numbers of factory workers.

Over the last 15 years, I.B.M. has aggressively globalized its operations and work force, and pulled out of manufacturing businesses including personal computers and disk drives.

But I.B.M. held on to its core mainframe business, whose development is supported by thousands of engineers and scientists. Mainframe parts are produced in I.B.M. facilities in the United States, in Endicott, N.Y., and Fishkill, N.Y., and in Germany and elsewhere. The final assembly work is done in Poughkeepsie, N.Y., where I.B.M. opened a $30 million mainframe plant in 2010.

A mainframe costs more than $1 million, and higher-performance models with peripheral equipment often cost $10 million or more. Yet even young companies and emerging nations, analysts say, find the expense worth it for some tasks.

Comepay, for instance, is a fast-growing company that says it operates more than 10,000 self-service payment kiosks in Russia, where consumers pay for products and services ranging from Internet service and cellphones to electric bills. Comepay handles millions of transactions a day, and the volume is rising. The Russian company bought an I.B.M. mainframe in 2010.

“Mainframes are extremely reliable,” said Ruslan Stepanenko, chief information officer of Comepay. “It keeps working even when the transaction load is very high.”

Last year, the Senegal Ministry of Finance bought two I.B.M. mainframes to help monitor all the imports, exports and customs duties at the African country's 30 border checkpoints.

Performance, security and reliability were the main reasons for selecting the mainframe, said Momar Fall, a manager and mainframe technical specialist in CFAO Technologies, an I.B.M. partner in Senegal. But another advantage in a developing nation, he said, is that the mainframes are constantly communicating over the Internet with a remote I.B.M. support center.

“So seven days a week, 24 hours a day, I.B.M. is looking after them,” Mr. Fall said.

Longtime mainframe customers say the technology has done a good job keeping up with the times. Last year, Primerica, a financial services company, purchased its 19th mainframe in 30 years.

David Wade, chief information officer, has worked for Primerica, based in Duluth, Ga., since its first mainframe arrived. With more than four million life insurance customers and more than two million investment-account clients, he said the company needs the reliable processing technology of the mainframe. “It works like nothing else,” Mr. Wade said.



Amazon Reshapes Business With Cloud Service

SEATTLE - Within a few years, 's creative destruction of both traditional book publishing and retailing may be footnotes to the company's larger and more secretive goal: giving anyone on the planet access to an almost unimaginable amount of computing power.

Every day, a start-up called the Climate Corporation performs over 10,000 simulations of the next two years' weather for more than one million locations in the United States. It then combines that with data on root structure and soil porosity to write crop insurance for thousands of farmers.

Another start-up, called Cue, scans up to 500 million e-mails, Facebook updates and corporate documents to create a service that can outline the biography of a given person you meet, warn you to be home to receive a package or text a lunch guest that you are running late.

Each of these start-ups carries out computing tasks that a decade ago would have been impossible without a major investment in computers. Both of these companies, however, own little besides a few desktop computers. They and thousands of other companies now rent data storage and computer server time from Amazon, through its Amazon Web Services division, for what they say is a fraction of the cost of owning and running their own computers.

“I have 10 engineers, but without A.W.S. I guarantee I'd need 60,” said Daniel Gross, Cue's 20-year-old co-founder. “It just gets cheaper, and cheaper, and cheaper.” He figures Cue spends something under $100,000 a month with Amazon but would spend “probably $2 million to do it ourselves, without the speed and flexibility.”

He conceded that “I don't even know what the ballpark number for a server is - for me, it would be like knowing what the price of a sword is.”

Cloud computing has been around for years, but it is now powering all kinds of new businesses around the globe, quickly and with less capital.

Instagram, a 12-person photo-sharing company that was sold to Facebook for an estimated $1 billion just 19 months after it opened, skipped the expenses and bother of setting up its own computer servers.

EdX, a global online education program from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, had over 120,000 students taking a single class together on A.W.S. Over 185 United States government agencies run some part of their services on A.W.S. Millions of people in Africa shop for cars online, using cheap smartphones connected to A.W.S. servers located in California and Ireland.

“We are on a shift that is as momentous and as fundamental as the shift to the electrical grid,” said Andrew R. Jassy, the head of A.W.S. “It's happening a lot faster than any of us thought.”

He started A.W.S. in 2006 with about three dozen employees. Amazon won't say how many people now work at A.W.S., but the company's Web site currently lists over 600 job openings.

Amazon's efforts are just the start of a global competition among computing giants. In June, Google fully introduced a service similar to A.W.S. Microsoft is also in the business with its offering, Windows Azure.

If only for competitive reasons, Amazon does not say much about A.W.S. However, it is estimated to bring in about $1 billion to Amazon. Its three giant computer regional centers in the United States, in Virginia, Oregon and California, each consist of multiple buildings with thousands of servers.

There are others in Japan, Ireland, Singapore and Brazil. And the pace of its expansion has quickened. It opened four of those regions in 2011 and is believed to be building a similar number now. Jeff Bezos, the chief executive of Amazon, is interested in setting up cloud-computing installations for other governments.

According to an executive with knowledge of Amazon's operation who was not authorized to speak publicly, just one of the 10 data centers in Amazon's Eastern United States region has more servers dedicated to cloud computing than does Rackspace, a public cloud company serving 180,000 businesses with more than 80,000 servers.

Eventually, however, Mr. Jassy said, “we believe at the highest level that A.W.S. can be at least as big as our other businesses.” Amazon recorded nearly $50 billion in revenue last year. Mr. Jassy thinks A.W.S. is probably less than 10 percent of its eventual size.

The lower cost of computing, along with overnight deployment of machines, drives the business. Germany's Spiegel TV paid A.W.S. to make digital copies of 20,000 programs. It cost less than Spiegel would have paid for the electricity powering its own servers.

GoodData, based in San Francisco, analyzes data from 6,000 companies on A.W.S. to find things like sales leads. “Before, each company needed at least five people to do this work,” said Roman Stanek, GoodData's chief executive. “That is 30,000 people. I do it with 180. I don't know what all those other people will do now, but this isn't work they can do anymore. It's a winner-takes-all consolidation.”

All that data running through Amazon's cloud also has value. People leave bits of data about themselves that others then analyze. At any given time on A.W.S., there are about one million uses of a powerful database, called Elastic MapReduce, that is used to make predictions. Some suggest a new movie or video game to play, while others log behavior for advertising, credit history or suggestions about whom to date. (Companies have to permit their data to be analyzed, and Amazon says it applies the same security standards it uses on its retail site.)

The efficiency of this hyper-aware environment is already remaking jobs for many and will most likely dislocate more. “You can now test a product against millions of users for just a few thousand dollars, or start a company with just one or two people,” said Graham Spencer, a partner at Google Ventures, which invests in data-heavy start-ups that rely on such cheap computing. “It's a huge change for Silicon Valley.”

That vision is in line with the way Mr. Bezos sees A.W.S., say executives who have worked with him. “Jeff thinks on a planetary level,” said David Risher, a former Amazon senior executive who now heads a charity called Worldreader, which uses A.W.S. to download books to thousands of computers in Africa. “A.W.S. is an opportunity, as a business. But it is also a philosophy of enabling other people to build big systems. That is how Amazon will make a dent in the universe.”



Morsi\'s Syria Plan Suggests Regional Approach to Foreign Affairs

By DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK

Did President Obama watch Egypt swing from pivotal ally to potential opponent? Versions of that question have hovered around the presidential campaign from the early Republican primary debates through Mitt Romney's comments on his recent trip to Israel about the Islamist electoral victories in the wake of the Arab spring.

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But the debate has taken on new intensity this month as President Mohamed Morsi of the Muslim Brotherhood - Egypt's first elected president and first Islamist leader - has for the first time consolidated his power, pushing into the background his country's Western-friendly military leaders and taking his first steps into foreign affairs.

Mr. Morsi's willingness to visit Iran for a meeting of the so-called Non-Aligned Movement set off alarms from commentators in Washington and Tel Aviv that Mr. Morsi might seek cl oser ties to Iran, an enemy of the United States and Israel that Egypt under Hosni Mubarak helped keep in check.

But his first major initiative in foreign affairs - a bid to include Iran along with Saudi Arabia and Turkey in a four-nation regional contact group to help resolve the Syrian conflict - indicated that Egypt's future course may be more complicated than a simple win or loss for the West. (“Egyptian Leader Adds Rivals of West to Syria Plan,” Monday, Aug. 27)

Unlike Mr. Mubarak, Mr. Morsi displayed an appetite for regional leadership and regional solutions independent of the United States or any other great power. His success in such efforts would surely diminish American influence in the region.

But he also showed a pragmatic willingness to reach out across ideological lines: although some Westerners tend to think of Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Turkey as four Muslim states, the Sunni Muslim Brotherhood is also a longstanding opponent of the Saudi monarchy and the Iranian Shiite theocracy, which are both inimical to each other. And Mr. Morsi's move, accompanied by explanations from his spokesman, clarified that he sought conversations with Iran to obtain specific strategic objectives, not because he sought closer diplomatic ties with Tehran as a goal in itself. What's more, his aim - a regional solution that could end the Syrian bloodshed - is one that both the United States and Israel might welcome.

With the end of the Mubarak dictatorship, the United States has surely lost a reliable client. A more democratic Egypt will surely be more responsive to Egyptian public opinion, which is cynical at best about America's role in the region. But Mr. Morsi's Syrian gambit suggests that the loss of American influence may not be a gain for any rival, merely an Egypt with its eye on its own region instead of any global power.



Multiple Clips of Syrian Helicopter Crash

By ROBERT MACKEY

In video uploaded to YouTube Monday morning, activists and rebels could be heard rejoicing as a Syrian government helicopter crashed outside Damascus.

As my colleague Steven Erlanger reports, Syrian rebels claimed responsibility for shooting down a government helicopter during fighting in the eastern suburbs of Damascus on Monday.

At least eight video clips uploaded to opposition activist channels on YouTube appeared to show the craft exploding in flames and plunging to the ground in the neighborhood of Qaboun, where Syrian state television reported that a helicopter had crashed.

Video said to have been recorded on Monday on the outskirts of Damascus of a Syrian government helicopter exploding in flames before crashing.

Restrictions on independent reporting inside Syria imp osed by the government of President Bashar al-Assad make it difficult to verify the authenticity of images posted online by opposition activists, but the various clips do appear to show the same event.

Perhaps the clearest images of the helicopter plummeting down were posted by an activist from Saqba, an area about 20 minutes from central Damascus which reportedly slipped from government control some months ago.

Video of a helicopter crash from the SaqbaRavo0 YouTube channel, which documents the uprising against the Syrian government on the outskirts of the capital.

A very brief but dramatic clip of the craft coming down in flames was uploaded to the JobarRev YouTube channel.

Close images of a helicopter crash uploaded to a Syrian opposition activist YouTube channel on Monday.

Another clip, apparently recorded close to the scene of the crash , was posted on the FreeQabon channel.

One of five video clips showing a helicopter crash on Monday outside Damascus posted online by opposition activists.

Later on Monday, video was added to the same channel apparently showing a piece of the helicopter's fuselage on the ground, the smoking wreckage of the craft and gruesome images of what the activists identified as the hand of the dead pilot.

Video said to show the wreckage of a Syrian government helicopter after it crashed outside Damascus on Monday.

Three more distant views of the helicopter's crash, and a photograph of a Free Syrian Army fighter identified as the man who shot it down, were included in a post on the British blogger Eliot Higgins' Brown Moses blog.



Gulf Coast Braces for Tropical Storm Isaac

By CHRISTINE HAUSER and JENNIFER PRESTON

Tropical Storm Isaac churned toward the central Gulf Coast in the United States on Monday after a weekend of flooding in southern Florida and destruction in Haiti, where at least 19 people died, according to The Associated Press, from the effects of its violent winds and torrential rains. Another five died in the Dominican Republic, The A.P. said.

As our colleagues Randal C. Archibold and Lisa Armstrong reported, the storm in Haiti caused mudslides in rural areas, and in the camps housing about 400,000 survivors of the January 2010 earthquake, the storm downed trees and power lines and shredded tents.

The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti posted a slideshow of photographs highlighting the aftermath.

The United States Embassy also posted photos on Twitter from Port-au-Prince.

By early Monday, Isaac was on the move headed toward New Orleans, where the deadly Hurricane Katrina struck seven years ago this week.

The storm spared Tampa, Fla., the site this week of the Republican National Convention. As Lizette Alvarez and Campbell Robertson report, hurricane forecasters said Isaac's winds and rain will hit an extensive area of southeast Mississippi, southwest Alabama and the western part of Florida's panhandle by Monday evening.

The governors of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama declared states of emergency. The Louisiana residents of Lafitte, Barataria and Grand Isle in Jefferson Parish were ordered to leave on Monday morning, as were all 50,000 residents of St. Charles Parish, and much of the population of Plaquemines Parish.

In New Orleans, Mayor Mitch Landrieu said the city was prepared and he urged residents to hunker down for the storm if they were not planning to leave. He and other officials outlined their emergency plans on YouTube, which is projected to reach hurricane force winds Tuesday night or Wednesday morning, according to the National Weather Service's latest forecast.

Emergency officials also turned to Twitter to deliver updates.

And people shared their own tips and reminders on preparations.

The city's beloved football team, the New Orleans Saints, offered advice before the team departed early for a scheduled preview game against the Bengals in Cincinnati, urging residents to sign up for alerts from the city.

The intensifying storm revived memories of Hurricane Katrina for many people, including vows the city had learned its lessons.

One of his followers replied, “They do.”

Tips, sources, story ideas? Please leave a comment or find me on Twitter @nyt_jenpreston.



Gulf Coast Braces for Tropical Storm Isaac

By CHRISTINE HAUSER and JENNIFER PRESTON

Tropical Storm Isaac churned toward the central Gulf Coast in the United States on Monday after a weekend of flooding in southern Florida and destruction in Haiti, where at least 19 people died, according to The Associated Press, from the effects of its violent winds and torrential rains. Another five died in the Dominican Republic, The A.P. said.

As our colleagues Randal C. Archibold and Lisa Armstrong reported, the storm in Haiti caused mudslides in rural areas, and in the camps housing about 400,000 survivors of the January 2010 earthquake, the storm downed trees and power lines and shredded tents.

The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti posted a slideshow of photographs highlighting the aftermath.

The United States Embassy also posted photos on Twitter from Port-au-Prince.

By early Monday, Isaac was on the move headed toward New Orleans, where the deadly Hurricane Katrina struck seven years ago this week.

The storm spared Tampa, Fla., the site this week of the Republican National Convention. As Lizette Alvarez and Campbell Robertson report, hurricane forecasters said Isaac's winds and rain will hit an extensive area of southeast Mississippi, southwest Alabama and the western part of Florida's panhandle by Monday evening.

The governors of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama declared states of emergency. The Louisiana residents of Lafitte, Barataria and Grand Isle in Jefferson Parish were ordered to leave on Monday morning, as were all 50,000 residents of St. Charles Parish, and much of the population of Plaquemines Parish.

In New Orleans, Mayor Mitch Landrieu said the city was prepared and he urged residents to hunker down for the storm if they were not planning to leave. He and other officials outlined their emergency plans on YouTube, which is projected to reach hurricane force winds Tuesday night or Wednesday morning, according to the National Weather Service's latest forecast.

Emergency officials also turned to Twitter to deliver updates.

And people shared their own tips and reminders on preparations.

The city's beloved football team, the New Orleans Saints, offered advice before the team departed early for a scheduled preview game against the Bengals in Cincinnati, urging residents to sign up for alerts from the city.

The intensifying storm revived memories of Hurricane Katrina for many people, including vows the city had learned its lessons.

One of his followers replied, “They do.”

Tips, sources, story ideas? Please leave a comment or find me on Twitter @nyt_jenpreston.



The Best Book Reviews Money Can Buy

The growing business of self-published books has spawned an industry in which hired reviewers produce favorable online reviews.

Hardware Makes a Comeback in Silicon Valley

In recent years, Silicon Valley seems to have forgotten about silicon. It's been about dot-coms, Web advertising, social networking and apps for smartphones.

But there are signs here that hardware is becoming the new software.

It is an expansion of a trend that began a few years ago with the Flip videophone, a sleeper hit, and has recently accelerated with Nest, the smart thermostat; Lytro, a camera that refocuses a photo after it is taken; and the Pebble smartwatch, a wristwatch that can interact with a smartphone.

Although the hardware is not manufactured in Silicon Valley, it is being conceived, designed, prototyped and financed here, usually by small start-ups.

What has changed? Each of those steps is speeding up, which cuts the costs and lowers the risks of developing new things.

It's not that software is any less important in Silicon Valley. One reason for the rise of hardware is that it is now so tightly integrated with software. has taught a generation of product designers that an electronic device isn't much without specially designed software that makes it a joy to use.

Instead, any designer now has the ability to quickly experiment with new product designs using low-cost 3-D printers. These printers can churn out objects to make prototypes quickly - a fork, wall hooks, mugs, a luggage clasp - by printing thousands of layers of wafer-thin slices of plastics, ceramics or other materials. Products can be made quickly in contract assembly plants overseas, usually in China.

All of this has given designers and engineers a fast-forward button advancing this technological flip-flop.

“Something that once took three months to make now takes less than a month,” explained Andre Yousefi, co-founder of Lime Lab, a product development firm based in San Francisco that works with start-ups to create hardware products. “With 3-D printers, you can now create almost disposable prototypes,” he said. “You queue it up at night, pick it up in the morning and can throw it away by 11 a.m.”

The rapidly falling cost of building computer-based gadgets has touched off a wave of innovation that is starting to eclipse the software-driven world that came to dominate the Valley in the dot-com boom of the late 1990s.

“If we look hard over the last 10 or 15 years, people don't realize how different the world is now compared to 1996,” said Sean O'Sullivan, a venture capitalist who splits his time between the United States, Ireland and China. “Products like the have driven down the cost of components. You can now easily make connected devices that transform lives in the way we have only been able to do with software before.”

To prove his point, Mr. O'Sullivan recently took teams from nine small start-up companies to Shenzhen, China, for 111 days in which each group developed and began manufacturing new products. He calls his investment firm, based in San Francisco, Haxlr8r (pronounced hak-CEL-erator), and in June the first group of fast-to-market hardware products was unveiled. The companies included Shaka, which makes a simple device for measuring wind for sailboard and kite surfers, and Kindara, maker of an iPhone accessory to help women determine when they are ovulating. (The system automatically generates a text message to the husband at the appropriate time.) There is also Bilibot, a project to build an inexpensive open-source robot.

THE shift away from the Valley's obsession with dot-com services and Web-based social networks is a return to the region's roots. The Valley began as a center for electronics hardware design in the late 1930s, when Bill Hewlett and David Packard built an audio oscillator that Walt Disney used in the production of the movie “Fantasia.” At the start of the 1970s, the label Silicon Valley was coined because of the proliferation of semiconductor companies. In the mid-1970s, a group of computer hardware hobbyists started the Homebrew Computer Club here, which gave rise to several dozen start-ups, including Apple Computer.

Today some of the most successful hardware start-ups in Silicon Valley have been formed from the diaspora of former Apple employees who want to try their hand at companies that pair hardware and software - which is an integral part of Apple's DNA.

Tony Fadell, a former Apple executive who led the design teams on the and iPhone, recently started a company called Nest, which makes a beautifully designed smart thermometer for the home. It is one of the hit home electronics products of the year. Hugo Fiennes, the Apple hardware manager for the first four iPhones, started a company called Electric Imp, which plans to connect everyday objects, like wall outlets and household appliances, to the Internet.

And Andy Rubin, who now heads Google's phone business, worked as an Apple engineer before leaving to help create a series of start-ups, the most recent of which was acquired by Google in 2005. The Android software, tightly integrated into smartphones, has come to rival that of Apple's iPhone.

Hosain Rahman, C.E.O. of Jawbone, a hardware start-up that makes slick Bluetooth speaker systems and headsets, said Apple's influence on design set a standard for who could enter the hardware start-up world. “The bar for great hardware experiences has been set so high by our friends in Cupertino,” he said, referring to Apple's home. “They've raised the overall goodness of hardware.”

“You can come up with a new concept or idea and you can really efficiently figure out if it's a viable product,” Mr. Rahman said. “Now you can test a lot of ideas for a lot less capital and intensity.” But, he warned, “the scaling and supply chain, marketing and distribution is still quite hard.”

Yet even distribution has been simplified by technology. Online marketplaces like Etsy, Amazon and Google's Marketplace allow people to set up shop on any street corner of the Web and begin hawking their latest hardware ideas.

Because of the excitement around hardware, start-ups in New York and Silicon Valley are now vying for venture capital investments. Electric Imp recently closed an $8 million financing round from big-name venture firms. LittleBits, a New York company, just signed a deal for $3.65 million in financing to start mass-producing its tiny tech toys. Mr. Yousefi's company, Lime Lab, was acquired this year by PCH International, headquartered in Cork, Ireland. PCH is a manufacturer that works with start-ups and technology companies in Silicon Valley to build hardware products that just a decade ago would have cost millions of dollars and years to realize.

Liam Casey, founder and chief executive of PCH International, said the ease of making hardware prototypes had contributed to the rise of a new genre of financing with Kickstarter, a Web site that has raised impressive sums for a number of hardware start-ups. Entrepreneurs pitch their idea on the site and ask for donations - often promising the product, or at least a promotional T-shirt, for the cash.

“The money has always been the barrier for hardware,” Mr. Casey said, “and by showing the amount of interest from consumers, start-ups can now create a space that makes V.C.'s feel comfortable investing in their hardware project.”

Ouya, an open-source game console for the television built using Google Android, just raised more than $8 million through Kickstarter. Pebble, the smartwatch that connects to iPhone and Android smartphones, raised more than $10 million after asking for just $100,000.

THE collapsing cost of hardware can be seen in its revival of a hobbyist ethos in the so-called Maker subculture. That ethos is thriving on the easy availability of low-cost computers and sensors.

One of the best examples of that movement is a full-blown $25 computer system the size of a credit card. Designed by a small team led by Eben Upton, a chip designer at Broadcom, the computer is known as Raspberry Pi, and the Valley's hobbyists and start-up fans have seized on it as a breakthrough in innovation. So far, 100,000 computers have been sold, and the Raspberry Pi Foundation is making 4,000 daily - enough to reach almost 1.5 million dreamers in a year.

When Raspberry Pi is almost as cheap as a raspberry pie, the impact on future hardware development will be profound. “People are using this as a catalyst to get new designs to the market more quickly,” said Kevin Yapp, chief of marketing and strategy for Element 14, an international online community for engineers backing the project.

Stewart Brand said that information like software “wants to be free,” said Mr. O'Sullivan, the venture capitalist. “Now hardware is almost as cheap as software.”



Turn Off the Phone and Relax

ONE recent sweltering afternoon, a friend and I trekked to a new public pool, armed with books, sunglasses and icy drinks, planning to beat the heat with a swim. But upon our arrival, we had an unwelcome surprise: no cellphones were allowed in the pool area.

The ban threw me into a tailspin. I lingered by the locker where I had stashed my phone, wondering what messages, photos and updates I might already be missing.

After walking to the side of the pool and reluctantly stretching out on a towel by the water, my hands ached for my phone. I longed to upload details and pictures of my leisurely afternoon, and to skim through my various social networks to see how other friends were spending the weekend. Mostly, however, I wanted to make sure that there wasn't some barbecue or summer music festival that we should be heading to instead.

Eventually, the anxiety passed. I started to see my lack of a digital connection as a reprieve. Lounging in the sun and chatting with a friend without the intrusion of texts and alerts into our lives felt positively luxurious. That night, I even switched off my phone while mingling at a house party, content to be in one place for the evening and not distracted by any indecision about whether another party posted online looked better.

My revelation - relearning the beauty of living in the moment, devoid of any digital link - may seem silly to people who are less attached to their devices. But for many people, smartphones and social networks have become lifelines - appendages that they are rarely without. As such, they can sway our moods, decisions and feelings.

One side effect of living an always-on digital life is the tension, along with the thrill, that can arise from being able to peep into people's worlds at any moment and comparing their lives with yours. This tension may be inevitable at times, but it's not inescapable. It's possible to move beyond the angst that social media can provoke - and to be glad that we've done so.

Anil Dash, a writer and entrepreneur, called this phenomenon the “Joy of Missing Out,” or JOMO, in a recent blog post.

“There can be, and should be, a blissful, serene enjoyment in knowing, and celebrating, that there are folks out there having the time of their life at something that you might have loved to, but are simply skipping,” he wrote.

JOMO is the counterpoint to FOMO, or the “fear of missing out,” a term popularized last year by Caterina Fake, an entrepreneur and one of the founders of Flickr, the photo-sharing Web site.

“Social media has made us even more aware of the things we are missing out on,” she wrote in a blog post. “You're home alone, but watching your friends' status updates tell of a great party happening somewhere.”

It may be that many people are in a kind of with social media and technology, still adjusting to the role that their new devices play in their lives. One day, the relationship may be less fraught.

The influence that technology can wield over our lives may lessen with time - as we grow accustomed to our devices and as the people who use them mature. In Mr. Dash's case, the birth of his son, Malcolm, an adorable toddler who knows how to moonwalk, curbed his appetite for a hyperactive social life.

“I've been to amazing events,” Mr. Dash said. “I still am fortunate enough to get to attend moments and celebrations that are an incredible privilege to witness. But increasingly, my default answer to invitations is ‘no.' ”

Social media sites, which ask you where you are, what you are doing and whom you are with, can cause people to exaggerate or feel the need to brag about their daily lives, said Sophia Dembling, the author of the coming book “The Introvert's Way: Living a Quiet Life in a Noisy World.”

“There is a lot of pressure in our culture to be an extrovert,” Ms. Dembling said. The trick to managing that, she said, is self-awareness. It's crucial, she said, to remember that most people tend to post about the juiciest bits of their lives - the lavish vacations, the clambakes and the parties - and not about the trip to the dentist or the time the cat threw up on the rug.



The Smartphone is a Litigation Magnet

The smartphone in your hand is a marvel of innovation, packing sophisticated computing and communications technologies into a sleek digital device.

It is also a litigation magnet.

In the last few years, the companies in the smartphone industry have spent billions of dollars buying patents and hundreds of millions suing one another. On Friday, that battle reached a peak with the decision by a federal jury in San Jose, Calif., to award $1.05 billion in damages from Samsung for infringing on just six patents.

The case underscores how dysfunctional the patent system has become. Patent litigation has followed every industrial innovation, whether it is steam engines, cars, phones or semiconductors, but the smartphone wars are bigger, global and unusually complex.

And it is the courts, rather than the patent office, that are being used to push companies toward a truce. In the end, consumers may be the losers.

“It is hard not to see all the patent-buying and patent lawsuits as a distortion of the role of patents,” said Josh Lerner, an economist and patent expert at Harvard Business School. “They are supposed to be an incentive for innovation.”

By one estimate, as many as 250,000 patents can be used to claim ownership of some technical or design element in a smartphone. Each patent is potentially a license to sue.

Samsung says it will challenge the jury's decision, which covered design basics like the shape of the itself and its array of small on-screen icons. So the courtroom conflict could continue for years, and even then, the case is but one of dozens of suits and countersuits in 10 countries between Apple and Samsung, the world's two leading smartphone makers.

But Apple has more than Samsung in its sights in its litigation campaign against the Korean electronics giant. Samsung is the leader among companies using Google's mobile operating system. So while Apple may be suing Samsung in courtrooms from Germany to Australia, the real enemy is up the road from Apple's headquarters in Cupertino, Calif., at the Googleplex in Mountain View.

Ultimately, the Apple-Samsung roadshow is just the main attraction in the global smartphone patent wars. The roster of litigants includes Microsoft, Nokia, HTC, Google's Motorola Mobility subsidiary and others.

In a recent case between Apple and Motorola, Judge Richard A. Posner, a prominent federal appeals court judge in Chicago, said in court that the use of patents in the smartphone industry showed a system in “chaos.” In June, Judge Posner dismissed the case, chastising both sides. He heaped scorn on Apple's broad claims for its user-experience patents and on Motorola's claim that Apple should pay a rich royalty on its basic communications patents. Both companies have appealed.

The disputes are fueled, legal experts say, by companies rushing to apply for patents as both defensive and offensive weapons, and by overburdened government examiners granting patents too easily.

“The smartphone patent battles are enabled by lots of trivial patents that never should have been granted in the first place,” said James E. Bessen, a patent expert and lecturer at the Boston University School of Law. “That's where Judge Posner was coming from in his ruling.”

To the winners of the patent wars, the rewards will be rich. Mobile computing, or smartphones and tablets, is the most lucrative and fastest-growing market in business. It has made Apple the most valuable company in the world. As Samsung passed Apple in the last year to become the largest smartphone maker, its profits surged along with its sales.

Despite the hostilities, experts say the smartphone patent wars will eventually end in an industrial armistice.

The California court decision, if it holds up on appeal, could have that effect. “This ruling sends a message to all the handset makers that you have to make truly differentiated products that look different,” said Colleen V. Chien, an assistant professor at the Santa Clara University School of Law. “And that's the message Apple wanted to send with its litigation.”

Most legal experts thought Apple would have the most trouble winning infringement judgments on its design patents, which are generally considered weaker than engineering patents for hardware or software, known as utility patents.

But the jury found that Samsung infringed on three of the four design patents in the case. The fourth was a patent for shape of a tablet computer - a rectangle with rounded corners.

“This could open up a whole new front in the patent wars, as companies race to file applications for design patents,” said Kevin G. Rivette, a Silicon Valley consultant and former vice president of intellectual property strategy for I.B.M.

Yet Mr. Rivette is convinced that the smartphone patent wars will subside and an accommodation will be reached. The sheer number of smartphone patents and the speed of innovation in product development undermine the power of the patents. That is very different than the role patents play in an industry like pharmaceuticals, where a blockbuster drug may be covered by a single patent or a few. In chemistry, the molecule is the patentable idea.

Smartphones are very different. An infringement ruling can slow a rival down for a few months, but not block it. Samsung engineers, for example, have already devised an alternative to one of the patents found to have been infringed upon in the California decision - the “bounce” feature. Pull a finger from the top of the iPhone's touch screen to the bottom and the page bounces. On the newest Samsung smartphones, the same downward finger stroke brings a blue glow at the bottom on the touch screen, not a bounce.

“In this industry, patents are not a clean weapon to stop others,” Mr. Rivette said. “The technology, like water, will find its way around impediments.”



Colleagues and Stargazers Hail Armstrong After Death

By PATRICK MCGEEHAN

Word of the death of Neil Armstrong on Saturday afternoon triggered a torrent of responses on social media, many of them praising the first man to walk on the moon for his inspirational courage enveloped in a humble demeanor.

Other astronauts, entrepreneurs and stargazers from around the world went online to salute Mr. Armstrong, who died at 82 after heart bypass surgery. NASA posted its condolences on Facebook and Twitter, along with a statement from Charles Bolden, the administrator of the agency, that said in part: “Besides being one of America's greatest explorers, Neil carried himself with a grace and humility that was an example to us all. When President Kennedy challenged the nation to send a human to the moon, Neil Armstrong accepted without reservation.”

Within hours of the first reports of his death, RIP Neil Armstrong was one of the most common sentiments posted on Twitter. But some people, including Buzz Aldrin, the British billionaire Richard Branson and Mark Kelly, the astronaut married to former Representative Gabrielle Giffords, had more personal feelings to share.



Moscow Court Finds Kasparov Not Guilty of Illegal Protest During Pussy Riot Trial

By ILYA MOUZYKANTSKII and ROBERT MACKEY

Video posted online by Garry Kasparov, the former chess champion, showed his arrest last week in Moscow while speaking to reporters during the trial of members of the protest band Pussy Riot.

MOSCOW â€" A Moscow judge ruled on Friday that the former chess champion, Garry Kasparov, was not guilty of participating in an unsanctioned political demonstration outside the courthouse where three women in the punk band Pussy Riot were convicted of hooliganism last week and sentenced to two years in prison.

Mr. Kasparov, who has long been active in opposition politics, was arrested while giving interviews to journalists. He was in a crowd that gathered outside the courthouse in anticipation of the guilty verdict against the three women who had staged an anti-Putin stunt inside the Cathedral of Christ the Savior last February.

The acqu ittal was a rare victory for a member of Russia's political opposition. Rarer still were remarks by the judge, Ekaterina Veklich, who said that she did not believe some of the police testimony in the case. “The facts recorded in the police report,” she said bluntly, “do not correspond to reality.”

In an interview in the courtroom following the decision, Mr. Kasparov, 49, seemed stunned, and exhilarated. “It's like Christmas,” he declared jubilantly.

“I'm still speechless,” he added. “But, I think this is quite a symbolic moment which may give hope to many of our activists who have been harassed by the police. The judge - for the first time in many years - refused to take police testimony as an absolute truth.”

Ahead of the hearing, Mr. Kasparov had mined social media sites for photographs and video documenting his arrest.

Using this information, he argued that the police report was inaccurate, pointing to video evidence which showed that he was not chanting “Russia without Putin,” at the time as the police claimed.

He also produced a photograph of the original police report and time-stamped images of the officers dragging him away from reporters to prove that he was, in fact, arrested more than an hour before the time listed in the final police report.

Before the verdict came in, Mr. Kasparov said he was gratified that the judge had accepted the video and photographic evidence submitted in his defense, instead of relying solely on the police report. He speculated that the authorities were perhaps mindful of the fact that his arrest “had huge publicity, thanks to all the social networks and journalists,” who were present at the time.

After he was acquitted, the former chess champion said that the judge's ruling offered some hope for opposition activists charged with illegal assembly. Previously, Mr. Kasparov said, “police officers always had immunity to provide false testimonies. Now the judge said, ‘No, they are contradicting each other.'” People who supported me, and, again, the journalists, who were so good in submitting all these video and photos today - I mean, they saved me today!”

Under a toughened law intended to tamp down on unapproved political protests, a guilty verdict against Mr. Kasparov could have resulted in a fine of nearly $1,000.

Despite Mr. Kasparov's optimism, there is no reason to believe his case will change anything for other political op position leaders, several of whom are under investigation or already facing prosecution.

Unlike some of the prominent young leaders of the opposition, like the anti-corruption blogger Aleksei Navalny, Mr. Kasparov is not viewed as posing any serious threat to the government. Then, too, he occupies a very different category in the public imagination than the brash performance artists of Pussy Riot. He is still revered as a national hero by Russians who deeply respect chess skills.

Mr. Kasparov became the youngest world chess champion in history winning the title at age 22 in 1985. He retired from the game in 2005 and since then has been active in politics. He created an advocacy group called the United Civil front, dedicated toward promoting electoral democracy in Russia, and also a political union called The Other Russia, in opposition to President Vladimir V. Putin. In 2007, he briefly ran for president himself.

Immediately after he was cleared on Friday, Mr. Kasparov said that he hoped this ruling would also “help me to demolish the stupid case on biting.” Mr. Kasparov scuffled with police officers at the time of his arrest and has been accused of biting one of the officers on the hand. The alleged biting incident remains under investigation and was not part of the case decided on Friday. Mr. Kasparov, who insists the biting allegation is false, said he intends to sue the police for illegal arrest, assault and slander.

Outside the courtroom, Mr. Kasparov elaborated on the importance of the decision in remarks to reporters, which were translated into English and posted online by The Other Russia.

Mr. Kasparov said:

I have a strange sensation, it's hard to even find words for it, because my lawyers, friends and I didn't expect anything besides another typical guilty verdict. And when, over the course of so many years, all opposition activists have been inevitably convicted in courts like this, it's hard to imagine that the day would come when the courts could provide us with legitimate consideration. Actually, today was very unusual, because from the very beginning, as opposed to many other previous similar cases, the judge agreed to allow motions by the defense. Moreover, all of the defense's motions were accepted, including those that called witnesses to the stand and those that entered video and photographic material as evidence. Of course, this was a very, let's say, unusual sign, but we didn't understand that it would influence the final verdict so much.

I would like to express my particular gratitude to the journalists who managed to collect so many materials, especially photos and video, which were used in the case today and which absolutely had a n influence both on the judge and, perhaps, on the people who have influence on the judge. It was just too obvious. I'd like to thank the journalists who came and appeared as witnesses here today, because it was clear that these people, who were completely different and of completely different nationalities, all said the exact same thing. It seems to me that this left an impression, and it also became obvious that, as opposed to many similar situations, there was no actual case of any sort of event occurring. And the extremely confused testimonies of the two police officers who detained me, which contradicted each other, they of course convinced the judge that their version of events held no credibility.

The result was a full acquittal, and this is a very important step forward. I don't intend to stop here; I want to have charges brought against the officers who illegally detained me. We've already filed the necessary paperwork with the investigative branch for the Kha movniki region. And I hope that this verdict will give us additional evidence so that that my detention and beating will be given due consideration by investigators.

As far as the next case is concerned, the one by Officer Ratnikov about this absurd attack â€" again, I hope that this today's session will allow us to draw upon video and photo materials. We have very unique materials, basically an entire archive that allows us to give practically a second-by-second account of everything that happened outside of the Khamovnichesky Court. Again, my thanks to the journalists who managed to film all of this, to dig it all up from their electronic devices and even now continue to come forward with different photos and video clips. And I hope that the investigators will act just as objectively as this judge did today, and that I'll be so lucky as to have Officer Ratnikov be convicted of libel.

It's hard for me to say what sort of consequences today's verdict is going to have for the Russian opposition on the whole. I even feel slightly guilty, because until now all of these verdicts have been guilty ones, and so many of my friends are still experiencing this pressure. We know that the widespread investigation of the May 6th events on Bolotnaya Square is still ongoing. But nevertheless, this is a very important step forward, and I'm going to do everything in my power to help those who need defense in these matters, because not everyone is so lucky to have their detentions and the police violence they experienced be covered so fully by the press.

Ilya Mouzykantskii is a freelance journalist and a New York Times intern in Moscow. Follow him on Twitter @ilyamuz.



Apple and Samsung Are Penalized in South Korea

SEOUL, South Korea (AP) - A South Korean court ruled Friday that and Samsung Electronics both infringed on each other's patents, and it ordered a partial ban of their products in South Korea.

The Seoul Central District Court ordered Apple to stop selling the 3GS, iPhone 4, 1 and iPad 2 in South Korea, saying they infringed two of Samsung's patents. The court also ruled that Samsung infringed one of Apple's patents and banned sales of the Galaxy S2 and other products in South Korea.

Sales of devices recently released by Samsung and Apple, including the iPhone 4S and the Galaxy S3 smartphones, were not affected.

The court also ordered the two parties to pay monetary compensation to each other. Samsung must pay Apple about $22,000, while Apple must pay its rival about $35,000.

The lawsuit is part of global fight over patents between the two largest smartphone makers. The biggest stakes are in the United States, however, where the two companies are locked in a $2.5 billion legal battle in a federal court in San Jose, Calif.



Verizon Wins Approval for Huge Spectrum Purchase

The United States government approved a deal in which the company will spend $3.9 billion to buy underused airwaves owned by Comcast, Time Warner Cable and others. Read more »

Daily Report: Facebook Tries to Go \'Mobile-First\'

Facebook's executives say the company is diving deep into mobile and trying to transform itself into a "mobile first" company. Developing mobile products has become a priority, they said, and every team inside the company has been reorganized with the goal of inserting mobile into its DNA.

Silicon Valley Techies Fight to Save a Popular but Illegal Haven

Peter DaSilva for The New York Times

The Hacker Dojo, a work space for technology entrepreneurs. It is inexpensive and popular but doesn't meet code.

MOUNTAIN VIEW, Calif. - Hacker Dojo is equal parts shared office, lecture hall and after-hours salon for a variety of tinkerers, software coders and entrepreneurs who intend to reinvent the future. The idea for Pinterest was cooked up here. The makers of Pebble watches used the space as their West Coast headquarters. Today, however, it is threatened with extinction. City officials in Mountain View have ordered Hacker Dojo to comply with city regulations for offices or move out.

And so the inhabitants of the cavernous warehouse in a city of office complexes have found themselves scrambling to raise money, not for their start-ups, but to save their start-up space. A Kickstarter campaign to raise money expires Friday. (Contribute $256 and get “a box of hacker stuff.”) They have already held a charity run through Mountain View - in their underwear. A continuing charity auction offers, among other things, sex advice and financial tips for start-ups.

The Dojo is an example of the new work spaces that underlie the start-up culture of Silicon Valley. Coffee shops around here can be packed with coders, huddled over glowing Macs for hours at a time. Technology incubators are sprinkled across the valley, but getting into the hottest ones can be as hard as getting into business school; besides, many of them, like Y-Combinator, just down the road from here, extract equity in the start-up in return.

Some shared offices are upscale, providing on-site bookkeepers and full-service cafes. And then there are hacker spaces like this, with distinct identities of their own. Noisebridge in San Francisco calls itself a “space for artistic collaboration and experimentation”; Ace Monster Toys in Oakland offers a laser cutting machine.

The Dojo is among the largest and fastest-growing of these shared hacker spaces. It has leased 13,000 square feet of abandoned warehouse, though it is currently permitted to use barely two-thirds of it. You'll find the usual office supplies: staplers, printers and copy machine.

But in the pink-painted electronics room, you'll find a brand new three-dimensional printer and trays full of diodes and silicon chips. Perks also include a bike rack, high-speed Internet, a cabinet of cellphones on which to test out applications and, on evenings and weekends, classes on things as diverse as patent law and machine-learning. Inside, Tim Sears is building a mobile application to let consumers compare grocery store prices. V. S. Joshi has spent the day at a library table upstairs, refining a Facebook tool for dating. At sundown, Chris Agerton ambles in; he is designing what he calls a “wearable polygraph test.”

The Dojo charges members $100 a month.

“We pride ourselves on our community,” said Katy Levinson, a robotics engineer who now works full time to raise money for the Dojo. “It's more fraternity dues than rent.”

The warehouse used to be a stained-glass factory, and some of the old samples still shimmer on the walls. What it does not have, according to city officials, are things that would make it an office. It doesn't have enough fire exits, sprinklers or wheelchair-accessible bathrooms, as required by city regulations. “If they can't comply, they can't use the building as they want to,” said Anthony Ghiossi, the chief building official for the city.

Hacker Dojo opened without a permit, Mr. Ghiossi pointed out. It is currently prohibited from hosting events that draw more than 49 people in any one room, he said. That means no large classes or overly enthusiastic happy hours, which are a regular feature on Friday nights.

Ellis Berns, the city's assistant community development director, was eager to point out that Mountain View, which is home to tech giants like Google, did not wish to evict Hacker Dojo. “We try to be as supportive as we can,” he said. “Businesses spin out of there. We are not at all interested in them closing down.”

But retrofitting the space will cost upward of $250,000, according to the Dojo's estimate. It has so far raised $173,000, including donations from its neighbor, Google.

Its members say they treasure it for its network of like-minded technologists as much as for the equipment and spare parts.

Mr. Joshi, the dating-app maker, comes every day to sit upstairs at that long library table, with mismatched chairs and a view of an oak tree outside the window. Some of his partners have day jobs; they come when they can. “I found my graphic designer over here. I found a database consultant here. You meet different people with different skills,” he said.

Mr. Sears stumbled into the Dojo soon after he moved to nearby Palo Alto two years ago and attended a machine-learning class. He considered working at home but found it isolating. “Just the environment is vastly more stimulating,” he said.

Once he looked up from his makeshift cubicle and asked for tips on where to find an FTP server to ferry large files. “A guy down the hall set it up,” he said. “It took about five minutes.”



Coming Soon, Google Street View of an Arctic Village

Google

Karin Tuxen-Bettman, above, captures images of Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, with a Google Street View tricycle.

OTTAWA - There are no cars in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut. Aside from a few trucks, snowmobiles are the preferred form of transportation for much of the year in the hamlet high in the Canadian .

And given that only 1,477 people live in Cambridge Bay, and that the population lives on about a quarter of a square mile, probably no part of it is unknown to its residents.

All that would suggest that Google Street View has limited value there. But a pitch to from an Inuit man brought a tricycle fitted with Google's camera system to the streets of Cambridge Bay on Monday as part of what the company expects to become a long-term project in Canada's Far North.

The Inuit man, Chris Kalluk, said he approached Google with the idea of bringing Street View to the Arctic last year as a way to educate the rest of the world about the region. “People that have never been in the north, past trees, in communities you can only get to by airplanes; they just don't know,” Mr. Kalluk said by telephone from Cambridge Bay, where he has lived most of his life. “They wonder if we live in igloos and travel by dog team. I spoke with an elder the other day who said that the land belongs to all the people, so everyone should be able to see it.”

Fishing and hunting trips, often covering long distances, remain an important part of life for the Inuit in Cambridge Bay, or Ikaluktutiak as its known in the native Inuinnaqtun language. But because magnetic compasses do not work in the far north, paper maps were rarely used for navigation in the past.

“People got around by recognition,” said Mr. Kalluk, 28, who is a geographical information systems coordinator for Nunavut Tunngavik, an organization that manages land claim settlements between the Inuit and the federal government and runs wildlife management programs.

The arrival of GPS, which is unaffected by the magnetic pole, has now made maps, digital and otherwise, a fixture in the lives of hunters and fishermen.

Nevertheless, Mr. Kalluk said that while he was dealing with Google, he had to educate the other residents of Cambridge Bay about Street View. While the Internet came to the community several years ago, it is a relatively low-bandwidth satellite connection. Mr. Kalluk said that if just one person watched an online video, the rest of the community was temporarily shut out of the Web. As a result, he said, most residents stay away from image-laden online applications like Street View.

Mr. Kalluk proposed the northern excursion to Karin Tuxen-Bettman, a geostrategist with the Google Earth Outreach, a branch of the company that develops projects with nonprofit groups. Last August, Ms. Tuxen-Bettman led a group that created Street View images of some of the Amazon rain forest in Brazil. “It was very exciting,” Ms. Tuxen-Bettman said of the meeting with Mr. Kalluk. “What place is as different and the opposite extreme to the Amazon as the Arctic?”

Currently the most northern place available on Street View is Deadhorse Airport near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. While it sits about one degree of latitude farther north than Cambridge Bay, it is far less isolated and is connected by a road to the south.

Because Cambridge Bay can be reached only by air or, for a few weeks in the summer, by barge, using one of Google's camera cars to photograph the community was quickly ruled out.

“A car seemed like overkill,” Ms. Tuxen-Bettman said.

Ms. Tuxen-Bettman said that it would take several months for Google to process the final street view images, a step that involves, among other things, blurring out faces. The trip to Cambridge Bay will create a higher amount of blurring than normal. The trike has generally been followed by a small army of children on their own bicycles while making its rounds.



F.T.C. Ends Investigation on Facebook-Instagram Deal

After months of anticipation, Facebook is now closer to completing its takeover of Instagram, the popular photo-sharing application.

On Wednesday, the Federal Trade Commission announced that it had closed its investigation on the proposed acquisition. Facebook now faces a fairness hearing on the transaction next week. While the hearing cannot technically stop the deal from closing, objections may push back the final closing date. Facebook previously said it expected the deal to close by the end of this year.

“We are pleased that the Federal Trade Commission has cleared the transaction after its careful and thorough review,” Facebook said in a statement on Wednesday.

The Instagram deal, brokered in April, was once trumpeted as Facebook's first billion-dollar deal. However, the transaction, which includes $300 million in cash and about 23 million shares, is now worth far less, in the wake of Facebook's rapid decline in the public markets. Based on Wedn esday's closing price of $19.44, the deal is now worth about $747 million.



How to Buy Twitter Followers

AS a comedian, Dan Nainan was blessed with fans, millions of YouTube views and, once, an audience with President Obama. But one thing was missing.

“The number of Twitter followers I had in relation to how many people in the world know about me was woefully inadequate,” he said. So in June he bought a small city's worth for $424.15, raising his Twitter follower count from about 700 to more than 220,000.

“There's a tremendous cachet associated with having a large number,” said Mr. Nainan, 31, adding later, “When people see that you have that many followers, they're like: ‘Oh, my goodness, this guy is popular. I might want to book him.' ”

It may be the worst-kept secret in the Twittersphere. That friend who brags about having 1,000, even 100,000 Twitter followers may not have earned them through hard work and social networking; he may have simply bought them on the black market.

And it's not just ego-driven blogger types. Celebrities, politicians, start-ups, aspiring rock stars, reality show hopefuls - anyone who might benefit from having a larger social media footprint - are known to have bought large blocks of Twitter followers.

The practice is surprisingly easy. A Google search for “buy Twitter followers” turns up dozens of Web sites like USocial.net, InterTwitter.com, and FanMeNow.com that sell Twitter followers by the thousands (and often Facebook likes and YouTube views). At BuyTwitterFollow.com, for example, users simply enter their Twitter handle and credit card number and, with a few clicks, see the ranks of their followers swell in three to four days.

Will Mitchell, the founder of Clear Presence Media, a marketing company outside Tampa, Fla., said that he has bought more than a million followers for his clients, which include musicians, start-ups and a well-known actress he declined to identify.

“And it's so cheap, too,” he said. In one instance, Mr. Mitchell said, he bought 250,000 for $2,500, or a penny each.

One site, Fiverr, an online classified for cheap marketing services, has several ads offering 1,000 Twitter followers for $5.

Heddi Cundle, founder of MyTab.co, a San Francisco company that helps people raise money for trips, spent $5 on Fiverr to buy 200 followers last October, when her site started. By the next month, “we had about 1,100 to 1,200 people on both Twitter and Facebook, which was amazing,” she said. “We needed that to get ourselves going.”

Fake Twitter followers briefly made the news in July, when Mitt Romney's Twitter following jumped by more than 100,000 in one weekend - a much faster rate than usual. A flurry of news reports purported to expose the practice of buying followers. “Romney Twitter account gets upsurge in fake followers, but from where?” read a headline on the NBC News Technolog blog.” (The Romney campaign has denied it bought followers.) Similar claims were lobbed at Newt Gingrich last year; his campaign also denied that he paid for any of his 1.3 million-strong Twitter following.

Having fake followers, it is important to note, does not necessarily mean that they were purchased. Unlike Facebook friends, Twitter does not require users to approve followers. In other words, anyone can follow you on Twitter, whether it's your mother or a spammer.

Twitter followers are sold in two ways: “Targeted” followers, as they are known in the industry, are harvested using software that seeks out Twitter users with similar interests and follows them, betting that many will return the favor. “Generated” followers are from Twitter accounts that are either inactive or created by spamming computers - often referred to as “bots.”

Buyers and sellers see nothing wrong with it. “Buying followers generated by bots is against Twitter's terms and frowned upon by the public,” Mr. Mitchell said. “However, it is perfectly legal.” 

The practice has become so widespread that StatusPeople, a social media management company in London, released a Web tool last month called the Fake Follower Check that it says can ascertain how many fake followers you and your friends have.

The tool examines Twitter relationships, said Rob Waller, a founder of StatusPeople. “Fake accounts tend to follow a lot of people but have few followers,” he said. “We then combine that with a few other metrics to confirm the account is fake.”

If accurate, the number of fake followers out there is surprising. According to the StatusPeople tool, 71 percent of Lady Gaga's nearly 29 million followers are “fake” or “inactive.” So are 70 percent of President Obama's nearly 19 million followers.

But Twitter is starting to clamp down. In April, it filed suit in federal court in San Francisco against five spammers, including those who create fake Twitter followers. (The case is pending.) That didn't discourage Mr. Nainan, the comedian. He recently asked about “the theoretical maximum” Twitter followers he can purchase.

“They said, ‘You could probably get over a million, a million and a half,' ” he said. “And I'm like, ‘Why not? I can afford it.' ”